📝 N4 Verb Conjugation Overview

JLPT N4 required verb forms — a visual reference page ✨

💭 Volitional Form(意向形)

Used to express intention: “let’s do / I will do”

Group I
いこう
Let’s go
Change to the o-row + う
Group II
たべよう
Let’s eat
Drop 「る」 + よう
Group III
しよう
Let’s do
Irregular form

🔀 Conditional Form(〜ば)

Group I
いけば
if (you) go
Change to e-row + ば
Group II
たべれば
if (you) eat
Drop 「る」 + れば
Group III
すれば
if (you) do
Irregular form

✅ Potential Form(可能形)

Group I
いける
can go
Change to e-row + る
Group II
たべられる
can eat
Drop 「る」 + られる
Group III
できる
can do
Irregular form

🚫 Imperative & Prohibitive (命令形 & 禁止形)

Group I
いけ / いくな
Go! / Don’t go
Group II
たべろ / たべるな
Eat! / Don’t eat
Group III
しろ / するな
Do it! / Don’t do it

🔁 Passive & Causative (受身形 & 使役形)

Group I
かかれる / かかせる
be written / make someone write
Group II
たべられる / たべさせる
be eaten / make someone eat
Group III
される / させる
be done / make someone do
N4 Verb Forms – Common Confusions

• Potential form and passive form may look similar (〜られる)
• Context decides the meaning
• Causative is often used with authority (parents, teachers, rules)

📊 N4 Verb Transformation Rules (Summary)

How verbs change across N4 forms — patterns you must remember

Verb Group
Volitional
Potential
Passive
Causative
Group I
行く・書く
o-row + う
行こう
e-row + る
行ける
a-row + れる
書かれる
a-row + せる
書かせる
Group II
食べる・見る
る → よう
食べよう
る → られる
食べられる
る → られる
食べられる
る → させる
食べさせる
Group III
する・来る
しよう / こよう
できる / こられる
される / こられる
させる / こさせる

🧠 How Verb Forms Connect (N4 Logic)

From intention → ability → being affected → causing action

① Intention
I decide to go

You control the action.
This is your own will.

② Ability
I can go

Ability or possibility matters.
Control depends on conditions.

③ Passive
I am affected

Someone else affects you.
Your control is reduced.

④ Causative
I make someone go

You control others’ actions.

⚠️ Potential vs Passive(可能形 vs 被动形)

Possible / Ability

わたしは すしが たべられる。

I can eat sushi.

Focus: ability / possibility
Subject = the one who can do it
VS
Passive / Be done

すしが ねこに たべられた。

The sushi was eaten by the cat.

Focus: what happened
に marks the doer (agent)
Same form: 食べられる
➜ Meaning depends on context
Take a small n4 verbs practice →

Continue Your N5 Study